Abstract: Dy³⁺-doped lithium borate (LB) glasses with compositions (in mol%) (55−x) B₂O₃ + 25LiF + 10MgF₂ + 10ZnO + xDy₂O₃ (where x = 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mol%) were synthesized via the melt-quenching technique and systematically investigated through structural, optical, and luminescence studies, including Judd–Ofelt (J–O) analysis.The glass structure was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. Optical absorption, photoluminescence, and decay kinetics measurements were performed to analyze the optical properties. From the absorption spectra, oscillator strengths (f) and Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters (Ω₂, Ω₄, Ω₆) were derived. Photoluminescence data, in conjunction with J–O parameters, were used to calculate radiative transition probabilities (Aᵣ), experimental branching ratios (βₑₓₚ), stimulated emission cross-sections (σₑ), and optical gain (σₑ × τₑₓₚ).Lifetimes (τₑₓₚ) of the ⁴F₉/₂ excited level were estimated from decay profiles to evaluate luminescence efficiency across all Dy³⁺ concentrations. The results were compared with existing literature, highlighting the potential of these glasses for yellow laser applications.