5, November 2026

The Indian Start-up Ecosystem: Growth, Institutional Support, Challenges and Sustainable Development: A Conceptual Review Article

VOLUME-12; ISSUE-11; NOV-2026

Author(s): Dr. Pushpa Hongal

Authors Affiliations:

Assistant Professor, Kousali Institute of Management Studies

Karnatak University, Dharwad – 580003

pushpaphd2022@gmail.com

DOIs:10.2015/IJIRMF/202611003     |     Paper ID: IJIRMF202611003


Abstract
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India’s start-up ecosystem has expanded through digital transformation, entrepreneurial finance, public policy and growing innovation capabilities. This article reviews its development, key institutions, opportunities and structural challenges through entrepreneurial ecosystem theory, institutional theory and the resource-based view. Government data indicate substantial growth in recognised ventures, although registrations alone do not demonstrate survival, profitability or innovation quality. The review identifies six interdependent enablers—policy, finance, talent, innovation infrastructure, markets and networks—and argues that entrepreneurial capabilities translate these resources into innovation and sustainable performance. Policy priorities include patient capital, research commercialisation, regional inclusion and outcome-based evaluation.
India; start-up ecosystem; entrepreneurship; innovation; Startup India; sustainability

Dr. Pushpa Hongal (2026);  The Indian Start-up Ecosystem: Growth, Institutional Support, Challenges and Sustainable Development: A Conceptual Review Article, International Journal for Innovative Research in Multidisciplinary Field, ISSN(O): 2455-0620, Vol-12, Issue-11, Available on –   https://www.ijirmf.com/

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