27, June 2025

Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Comprehensive Review of Molecular Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Emerging Therapies

VOLUME-11; ISSUE-6; JUNE-2025

Author(s): 1.Shreya Wankhade, 2. Manojkumar Mahajan, 3. Aman Upaganlawar, 4. Chandrashekhar Upasani, 5. Pragati Bhalerao, 6.Suvarna Jadhav, 7. Jayesh Bagul

Authors Affiliations:

Department of Pharmacology, SNJBS Sureshdada Jain College of Pharmacy, Chandwad, Nashik, India

DOIs:10.2015/IJIRMF/202506035     |     Paper ID: IJIRMF202506035


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Glioblastoma (GBM) is an extremely aggressive and fatal type of brain cancer, characterised by a bleak prognosis and limited effectiveness of available treatments. Even with progress in neurosurgical techniques, radiation therapy, and chemotherapeutic approaches, the median survival duration for individuals with GBM is still only about 14 to 15 months. The intricacy of GBM stems from genetic abnormalities, including mutations in genes such as TP53, EGFR, and PTEN, as well as dysregulated signalling pathways like PI3K/Akt/mTOR and RAS/RAF/MEK/MAPK. Additionally, the tumour’s highly infiltrative behaviour, its ability to evade immune detection, and its resistance to conventional treatment modalities pose major obstacles to successful management. Improvements in diagnostic approaches, especially advanced imaging techniques like MRI and PET scans, along with molecular profiling, have enhanced early diagnosis and facilitated the development of precision therapies. Novel treatment strategies, including immunotherapies, tumour-treating fields (TTFs), and molecular-targeted therapies, present promising avenues for improving outcomes in GBM patients. Despite these advancements, the likelihood of tumour recurrence remains alarmingly high, underscoring the necessity for continued research to discover more effective therapeutic options. This review examines the molecular mechanisms underlying GBM, current diagnostic methods, and the rapidly evolving treatment approaches to highlight potential future advancements that could enhance both survival rates and quality of life for affected patients.

Glioblastoma, Malignant, Temozolomide, Tumour necrosis factor, Chromosome, Blood-brain barrier.

Shreya Wankhade*, Manojkumar Mahajan, Aman Upaganlawar, Chandrashekhar Upasani, Pragati Bhalerao, Suvarna Jadhav, Jayesh Bagul (2025); Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Comprehensive Review of Molecular Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Emerging Therapies, International Journal for Innovative Research in Multidisciplinary Field, ISSN(O): 2455-0620, Vol-11, Issue-6, Pp.268-276.          Available on –   https://www.ijirmf.com/

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